Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

What is FIV?

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a virus that infects only cats. It slowly weakens the immune system, so the cat finds it harder to fight other infections. It is sometimes called 'cat AIDS', but it does not infect people.

FIV spreads mainly through deep bite wounds, so it is more common in male cats that roam and fight. It does not spread easily through sharing bowls or grooming. A mother cat can occasionally pass it to her kittens.

Many cats with FIV live for years and look healthy for a long time. Problems often appear later, when the weak immune system lets other infections take hold.

Signs to watch for

Common signs include:

• Infections that keep coming back or heal slowly
• Red, sore gums and mouth
• Slow weight loss and a poor coat
• Fever that comes and goes
• Swollen glands (lymph nodes)
• Long-lasting diarrhoea

These signs have many causes, so a blood test is needed to know.

Which lab tests help

The FIV Antibody (Rapid Test) looks for antibodies, the proteins a cat's immune system makes against FIV. The FIV / FeLV (Combo Kit) checks for FIV and FeLV (feline leukaemia virus) together, which is useful because both viruses cause similar problems.

Two cautions matter. First, kittens can carry antibodies from their mother for several months, so a positive antibody test in a young kitten does not always mean infection. Your vet may suggest testing again when the kitten is older, or a PCR test. Second, a cat infected only recently may not have made antibodies yet and can test negative, so your vet may repeat the test later.

The FIV RT-PCR (Proviral DNA) looks for the virus's genetic material instead of antibodies. It is helpful in kittens and when other results are unclear, although no single FIV test is perfect.

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) can show low white cell counts or anaemia. For cats living with FIV, your vet may suggest regular health checks such as the Basic Health Panel.

A registered veterinarian interprets every result together with your cat's age, signs and history.

When to see your vet

See your vet promptly if your cat has sore gums, repeated infections, weight loss or bite wounds that heal slowly. Testing is also commonly done before a new cat joins a home with other cats. Ask your vet about prevention.

Testing in Bhopal

Free sample collection is available anywhere in Bhopal from Pashupatinath Vet Lab in Shahpura. The lab is open every day from 8 am to 10 pm. From other districts, samples can be sent through your local vet, by courier or by bus parcel; the lab coordinates by phone or WhatsApp on +91 88175 01118. The lab confirms the method, sample needs and reporting time when you book. Reports come on WhatsApp, by email and in My Reports.